First, the choice of field soil: potato adaptability, the soil requirements are mainly loose, because the potato during the growth of the root oxygen consumption is much larger than other crops (the tuber formation period of oxygen consumption is 5 to 100 times larger than the general crop), in addition Tuber enlargement period requires loose soil permeability, strict requirements on the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, pH range of 5.0 to 8.0 can be. Therefore, it is appropriate to choose high topography, loose soil, deep soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and fertile sandy soil or loam. Most parts of our district can be planted.
Second, select good varieties. Precocious, high-yield and disease-resistant virus-free varieties should be used. Our district mainly pushes the purple white variety. Seed potatoes require regular potato shape, moderate size, smooth and delicate skin, bud roots clear, complete potato chips, no pests, no frostbite of the old age of potatoes, the size of 25 ~ 50g is appropriate.
Third, seed processing. The seed potatoes are first sun-dried in the sun for 2-3 days, 3-4 hours a day, to remove diseased potatoes and bad potatoes. Promote the use of whole potato sowing, large seed potatoes should be cut, cut into pieces of seed potatoes should not be less than 50 grams, generally potato weight 20-25 grams, each cut should have 1-2 bud eyes, and will cut The good seeds were placed in the sun and then used to add 4-8% thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim to seed dressing to promote wound healing and disinfection.
4. Fertilization for soil preparation: After the harvest of the former loquat crop, deep plowing shall be carried out immediately after 20 to 25 cm. In shallow ploughing in early spring, no large clods should be made, and the stems, roots and roots of the plots shall be applied. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients absorbed by potatoes is 2.5:1:4.5. The absorption of potassium is the most, and the supply of potassium depends mainly on organic fertilizers. Therefore, before sowing, it can be used to mix 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of high-quality rotten farmyard manure. , 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, 1-1.5 kg of zinc sulfate or 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50 kg of superphosphate and 25 kg of potassium sulfate.
Fifth, the appropriate sowing: generally in the middle of March, the local 10cm ground temperature stable at 3-5 °C when you can sow, and then cover the surface with plastic film, with compacted soil compacted around the film, every 2-3 meters pressure of a soil Block to prevent the wind from blowing the film and affect the insulation effect.
Sixth, field management:
1. Scientific release of seedlings: When the seedlings grow 1-2 leaves, no cold wave comes, you can put seedlings. The method is to align the seedlings with a cruciform mouth to draw the seedlings out of the membrane, and then grasp a thin layer of soil to seal the film around the seedlings to facilitate preservation. Fangmiao should be selected before 10 o'clock on the sunny day or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
2, fertilizer and water operations: The growth characteristics of potatoes is the growth of both shoots and underground tubers at the same time, in order to achieve high-yield purposes, should be in accordance with the principles of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, fertilize the principle of control, so that control to promote the next, to ensure production. After the seedlings were cultivated and weeded in time, the top dressing was applied. During budding and flowering, foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate or micro fertilizer is sprayed 1-2 times to supplement phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and trace elements. When buds have formed and inflorescences are removed, they should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption and change nutrient distribution. , To promote the expansion of tubers, combined with cultivating weeds and timely soil.
3, pest control: potato pests and diseases are: late blight, cockroaches, cockroaches, small tigers, 28 ladybugs and so on. Late blight was sprayed 2-3 times with 58% metalaxyl MnZn wettable powder 600 times at the beginning of the disease. Earthworms, earthworms, ground tigers and other underground pests use 3 to 3 kg of phorate granules per acre, and the ratio of 1:10 of pesticide is formulated to spread toxic soil evenly over the surface of the soil. Twenty-eight star ladybirds, spraying 15-40 ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin per acre for 30-40 kg per acre during the larval period.
4. To promote control and integration: When the potato ground growth is too prosperous, it will affect the expansion of underground tubers, should pay attention to control the ground above the crazy growth. Use 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 50-80g per acre and dilute 45kg uniform foliar spray.
Seven, timely harvest. In order to increase the production and income of mulch potato, timely harvesting should be carried out for different cultivation purposes. As a vegetable sales field, we must seize the opportunity to market early, high value, early harvest after flowering, although the output is low, but the output value is high. Potatoes for other uses are harvested when they are fully mature, so that the highest yield can be obtained.
Several planting modes:
One, corn intercropping potato
1. Planting varieties of corn were selected for medium-maturing varieties with compact plant types, moderate leaf punches, moderate plant height, and early growth and development. Potatoes are planted with plant-type, early-maturing varieties with concentrated tubers.
2. The technical requirements are 150cm in size, size and configuration. Xiaoyankuan is 33 centimeters wide, 2 rows of corn planting, 27 centimeters of plant spacing, 3,300 plantings per mu, 1.7 centimeters wide, 2 rows of potatoes, 42 centimeters from corn, 33 centimeters of plant spacing, and 2,700 plants per mu. The film should be 80cm wide, 0.007mm thick and 15cm high. The potato was planted in mid-March and sown 8-10 cm deep. After sowing, the hole covered about 6 cm thick wet soil and compacted. The maize was sowed on the ditch side membrane on April 5 and sown 2 or 3 seeds per hole.
3. The yield level yields 600 kg of corn per mu, and 2000 kg of potatoes.
4. Appropriate range: The water-fertility conditions with a frost-free period of 150 days or more are better in water or fertile dry lands and gully lands.
Second, early maturity of the potato
1. Selection of superior potato varieties such as purple and white early maturing disease-resistant varieties, mung bean selection of high quality and high quality products such as Jinlv 1, from the beginning of March to cover the ridge sowing potatoes, potatoes in the middle of June immediately after the field fertilization sowing mung beans.
2. Planting ridges with reasonable coverage, wide and narrow rows of plants, ridge height 10 cm, width 60 cm, ridge spacing 100 cm, planting two rows of ridges, two rows spaced 20-25 cm, spacing 30-35 cm, with a width of 80 cm The film covers the ridge. Mu Liumiao 3800 ~ 4500 strains. Mung bean seeding, row spacing 40 cm, spacing 12 to 15 cm.
3. Field management
After the emergence of mung bean seedlings in time, seedlings, seedlings, according to the density requirements, combined with the shallow middle tillage seedlings seedlings, branching period of deep cultivating soil, before flowering and the end of the pod stage pouring a water, the first and second batch of pods picking after two times Spraying fertilizer, while paying attention to the prevention and control of earthworms, small tigers, soybean meal, mung beans and late blight, ring rot.
4. Appropriate range of water-fertilizer conditions with a frost-free period of 150 days or more are good in water or fertile dry lands and gully lands.
III. High-yielding cultivation techniques of potato in intercropping orchard
The newly planted orchards have a wide row of orchards, and the early canopy is relatively small, making it suitable for intercropping with potatoes. It can achieve the objective of not reducing the production of fruit trees and collecting more potatoes. Now we introduce the cultivation techniques of potato between spring fruit trees as follows.
Technical Requirements: Potatoes are generally cultivated in double rows and high ridges, with two rows of narrow and wide rows, a width of 60 cm, a narrow row of 35 cm, and a spacing of 20 cm. Ridge height is generally 10-15 cm. Water should be planted before sowing; the depth of planting depends on soil texture and climatic conditions. Dry areas and sandy loam soils should be deep, and wet areas and clay loam soils should be shallow. Other management measures are the same as above.
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