Combining Autumn Sowing Production with Reforming Cotton Planting Methods

In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China has launched a cotton-million-acre high-yielding event in the main cotton-producing province in order to promote high cotton yields. I recently visited high-yielding cotton fields in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Jiangxi provinces, and I also visited Hunan in the past. The surveys of high-yield cotton fields in Zhejiang and Zhejiang Provinces showed that the target of high-yield cotton production was generally the same, but the planting patterns were not the same, and the cultivation methods were different. The cotton yield is composed of the planting density, the number of single plants, the boll weight, and the lint, among which the planting density is closely related to the cotton yield, and the planting density is inseparable from the planting method. Before the 1980s, most cotton areas were planted with conventional cotton, with a planting density of 3,000-4,000 plants per acre, along with the promotion and application of cotton seedling nursery transplants and hybrid cotton, especially for transgenic hybrid insect-resistant cotton. Demonstration and promotion, the planting density per acre has gradually declined, but the decline has been uneven. Some provinces have a planting density of about 1,500, some provinces have about 1300, and some provinces only have about 1,100. The cultivation methods are also different. Some of them are planted in narrow and narrow rows, some are mainly wide rows and dense plants, some are wide in behavior, and others are narrow rows and wide plants. Through my on-site inspection, especially in the rainy weather conditions in July and September this year, cotton fields with relatively narrow row spacing (less than one meter) were closed earlier and there was insufficient light in the cotton fields. . Generally, the shedding rate is above 50%, especially in cotton fields where fertilizer is excessive and nitrogenous fertilizers are applied. The shedding of bells is even more intense and the shedding rate is as high as 60%. The number of rotten peaches per plant reached ~10. In some places, rotten peaches still occurred in mid-October, resulting in a 10% decrease in cotton production and a 20-30% reduction in yield, and a wide row spacing and good ventilation and light transmission in cotton fields. The rate of missed bells is less than 50%, rotten peaches are much less, and production cuts are lighter. This painful lesson is particularly worthy of our conclusion. At present, it is during the critical period of autumn sowing production that the main cotton-producing areas around the country can combine the planting and transplanting reform of wheat and rapeseed. In the case of full-farm or full-broadcasting (transplanting) of rapeseeds, wheat and rapeseeds shall be reformed immediately after harvest, and wide lines (1.2m spacing) of dense plants (0.4m spacing) and other lines shall be promoted. For 1m) planting (plant spacing 0.45-0.5m) planting, it is not suitable for planting in wide and narrow rows and squares, and it should not be planted in narrow rows and dense plants of conventional cotton. Planting density of 1300-1500 plants per acre is appropriate. All localities should proceed from local conditions and can make appropriate adjustments. For example, in the plain cotton area with good soil fertility and high fertilization level, the planting density can be appropriately reduced, and the planting density can be appropriately increased in hills, hills, and low-fertilizer areas. Reforming the cotton planting method will, on the one hand, help to save labor for transplanting cotton, especially for large cotton planters. It will also make it easier for provincial workers and provinces to spend money because now rural young and middle-aged people are basically working outside, mostly the old and the weak; the second is the winter crop seedlings. Small, relatively dry climate, is conducive to reforming planting methods; Third, it is conducive to the whole winter and spring cotton line, so that the reserve cotton line to do Tuan grass net, reduce overwintering pests; Fourth, is conducive to cotton field preparation, fertilization, transplanting Cotton seedlings and trenches are drained; Fifth, it is beneficial to the operation and management of cultivating soil, raising and controlling pests in the field after cotton is planted, and the sixth is to facilitate ventilation and light transmission between cotton rows, increase photosynthetic efficiency, and reduce rotten bells. Improve cotton quality. As long as the cultivation method reforms take a big step forward, it can create a good ecological condition for the survival of cotton. With sufficient space for cotton, it can lay a solid foundation for high yield and quality.

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